Stuxnet free essay sample

Future of Cyber War David Adams Legal and Ethical Issues in Computing CIS 4253 The discovery in June 2010 that a cyber worm dubbed ‘Stuxnet’ had struck the Iranian nuclear facility at Natanz suggested that, for cyber war, the future is now. Yet more important is the political and strategic context in which new cyber threats are emerging, and the effects the worm has generated in this respect. Perhaps most striking is the confluence between cyber crime and state action. States are capitalizing on technology whose development is driven by cyber crime, and perhaps outsourcing cyber attacks to non-attributable third parties, including criminal organizations. Cyber offers great potential for striking at enemies with less risk than using traditional military means. It is unclear how much the Stuxnet program cost, but it was almost certainly less than the cost of single fighter-bomber. Yet if damage from cyber attacks can be quickly repaired, careful strategic thought is required in comparing the cost and benefits of cyber versus traditional military attack. We will write a custom essay sample on Stuxnet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One important benefit of cyber attack may be its greater opportunity to achieve goals such as retarding the Iranian nuclear program without causing the loss of life or injury to innocent civilians that air strikes would seem more likely to inflict. Nevertheless, cyber attacks do carry a risk of collateral damage, with a risk of political blowback if the attacking parties are identified. Difficulty in identifying a cyber attacker presents multiple headaches for responding. A key strategic risk in cyber attack, finally, lies in potential escalatory responses. Strategies for using cyber weapons like Stuxnet need to take into account that adversaries may attempt to turn them back against us. The discovery in June 2010 that a cyber worm dubbed ‘Stuxnet’ had struck the Iranian nuclear facility at Natanz suggested that, for cyber war, the future is now. Stuxnet has apparently infected over 60,000 computers, more than half of them in Iran; other countries affected include India, Indonesia, China, Azerbaijan, South Korea, Malaysia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Finland and Germany. The virus continues to spread and infect computer systems via the Internet, although its power to do damage is now limited by the availability of effective antidotes, and a built-in expiration date of 24 June 2012. (McMillan, 2010) Stuxnet is a sophisticated computer program designed to penetrate and establish control over remote systems in a quasi-autonomous fashion. It represents a new generation of ‘fire-and-forget’ malware that can be aimed in cyberspace against selected targets. Those that Stuxnet targeted were ‘air gapped’; in other words, they were not connected to the public Internet and penetration required the use of intermediary devices such as USB sticks to gain access and establish control. Using four ‘zero-day vulnerabilities’ (vulnerabilities previously unknown, so that there has been no time to develop and distribute patches), the Stuxnet worm employs Siemens default passwords to access Windows operating systems that run the WinCC and PCS 7 programs. These are programmable logic controller (PLC) programs that manage industrial plants. The genius of the worm is that it can strike and reprogram a computer target. (Garza, 2010) Some media reports mistakenly thought the Iranian light-water power reactor at Bushehr was also a target. Iran confirmed that Stuxnet infected personal computers there while denying that much damage was inflicted. (Yong, 2010) But Bushehr seems an unlikely target, because the plutonium produced by such light-water reactors is not well suited for weapons purposes. The more likely target is Irans uranium-enrichment program. Although most of the 4,000–5,000 centrifuges operating to date at the pilot and industrial-scale fuel-enrichment facilities at Natanz have been producing only low-enriched uranium, the same centrifuges could be put to use to produce highly enriched uranium for weapons. Alternatively, and in a more likely scenario, it is feared that Iran could be operating secret centrifuge facilities to produce highly enriched uranium. The key to the Stuxnet worm is that it can attack both known and unknown centrifuges. Although there is no hard evidence that Stuxnet has exposed Ahmadinejad to public criticism that the government failed to competently defend key installations, cyber can nevertheless be a tool to discredit, destabilize and weaken the authority of adversarial regimes. Cyber also offers great potential for striking at enemies with less risk than using traditional military means. For example, North Korea poses threats other than through its nuclear program. It is involved, for example, in extensive counterfeiting. Cyber attack offers potential options that may prove effective in countering such criminal activity. Cyber is, moreover, less costly than traditional military action. It is unclear how much the Stuxnet program cost, but it was almost certainly less than the cost of single fighter-bomber. Third parties currently working in concert with a state may or may not be held under tight control. Criminal groups are mercenary. They may well sell their services twice. Outsourcing to the underworld is a slippery slope.

An Overview of the Motorcycles History

An Overview of the Motorcycles History Like many inventions, the motorcycle  evolved in gradual stages, without a single inventor who can lay sole claim to being the inventor. Early versions of the motorcycle were introduced by numerous inventors, mostly in Europe,  in the 19th century. Steam-Powered Bicycles American Sylvester Howard Roper (1823-1896) invented a two-cylinder, steam-powered velocipede in 1867. A velocipede is an early form of a bicycle in which the pedals are attached to the front wheel. Ropers invention can be considered the first motorcycle if you allow your definition of a motorcycle to include a coal-fired steam engine. Roper, who also invented the steam-engine car, was killed in 1896 while riding his steam velocipede.   Around the same time that Roper introduced his steam-powered velocipede, Frenchman Ernest Michaux attached a steam engine to a velocipede invented by his father, blacksmith Pierre Michaux. His version was fired by alcohol and twin belt drives that powered the front wheel.   A few years later, in 1881, an inventor named Lucius Copeland of Phoenix, Arizona developed a smaller steam boiler that could drive the rear wheel of a bicycle at the amazing speed of 12 mph. In 1887, Copeland formed a manufacturing company  to produce the first so-called Moto-Cycle, though it was actually a three-wheeled contraption.   The First Gas-Engined Motorcycle Over the next 10 years, dozens of different designs for self-propelled bicycles appeared, but its widely acknowledged that the first to use a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine was the creation of German Gottlieb Daimler and his partner Wilhelm Maybach, who developed the Petroleum Reitwagon in 1885. This marked  the moment in history when the dual development of a viable gas-powered engine and the modern bicycle collided. Gottlieb Daimler used a new engine invented by engineer  Nicolaus Otto. Otto had invented the first Four-Stroke Internal-Combustion Engine in 1876, dubbing it the Otto Cycle Engine As soon as he completed his engine, Daimler (a former Otto employee) built it into a motorcycle. Oddly,  Daimlers Reitwagon did not have a maneuverable front wheel, but instead relied on a pair of outrigger wheels, similar to training wheels, to keep the bike upright during turns.   Daimler was a prodigious innovator and went on to experiment with gasoline motors for boats, and he also became a pioneer in the commercial car manufacturing arena. The company bearing his name eventually became Daimler Benz- the company  that evolved in the corporation we now know as Mercedes-Benz. Continued Development From the late 1880s onward, dozens of additional companies sprang up to produce self-propelled bicycles, first in Germany and Britain but quickly spreading to the U.S.   In 1894, the German company,  Hildebrand Wolfmà ¼ller, became the first to establish a production line factory to manufacture the vehicles, which now for the first time were called motorcycles.  In the U.S., the first production motorcycle was built by the factory of Charles Metz, in Waltham, Massachusetts.   The Harley Davidson Motorcycle No discussion of the history of motorcycles can end without some mention of the most famous U.S. manufacturer, Harley Davidson.   Many of the 19th-century inventors who worked on early motorcycles often moved on to other inventions. Daimler and Roper, for example, both went on to develop automobiles and other vehicles. However, some  inventors,  including William Harley and the Davidsons brothers, continued to exclusively develop motorcycles. Among their business competitors were other new start-up companies, such as Excelsior, Indian, Pierce, Merkel, Schickel, and Thor. In 1903, William Harley and his friends Arthur and Walter Davidson launched the Harley-Davidson Motor Company. The bike had a quality engine, so it could prove itself in races, even though the company initially planned to manufacture and market it as a transport vehicle. Merchant C. H. Lange  sold the first officially distributed Harley-Davidson in Chicago.

Bussiness Plan for Start-up Restaurant Dissertation

Bussiness Plan for Start-up Restaurant - Dissertation Example This dissertation demonstrates a business plan, that is designed for a restaurant named ChopChop, that deals in organic food items such as salads and health juices in Doha, Qatar. As per the market analysis performed, it was observed that majority population of Qatar is expatriates that increase the scope for continental food flavors among the target customers. A primary analysis performed among the target market customers showed tendency towards consuming healthy food in comparison to fast-food items. Price is not a major issue for the customers of the selected region. The services of Chopchop will be designed in an individual manner wherein the customers can select the ingredients to be put in their salads from a large variety of vegetables in the store. Also, wraps can be served along with the salads with meat, beef and shrimp. The strategic aim of ChopChop is to capture the target market with a differentiation focus. The pricing of the products will be designed with price skimmin g strategy for increasing product life in market. The finical calculations showed that ChopChop can achieve its break-even point by the end of 7 months of its initiation. It has been recommended that the online activities such as website development should be minimized during the first year and replaced with the provision of launching ChopChop with two stores. In conclusion, the researcher recommends a possible future strategy for the company, that will be mostly focused towards identification and penetration of other potential Middle Eastern markets.

Viewer Identification with Television Characters Essay

Viewer Identification with Television Characters - Essay Example The reason I identified with his character before was because of his boyish charm that made him irresistible to all women, except Kate Beckett who seems to be immune to his charms. If I ever become a millionaire, I would want to be the gentleman millionaire that he is. He treats the women right and in exchange, the women treat him like a god as well. Just like Richard Castle, I too am a very loyal friend who is always there when any of them need my help. We are similar in the way that we treat our friends, more like family than some strangers whom I just met and have to find something in common with. We both exude this sense of familiarity that makes it easy for other people to get along with us even though we just met them. That is not hard to understand. After all, we both tend to bend over backwards for people just to make sure that we are liked. Castle was raised by a single mother just as I was. We both respect and and love our mothers to the extent that we would give our respective mothers the shirts off our backs if she asked us to. That is the kind of gratitude that Richard Castle displays for his mother. Even though he sometimes acts like he is just putting up with his mothers presence (name any man who does not pretend that at one time or another with his mom), the reality of their situation is that he loves her deeply and would never want to see her hurt in any way by any person. We all know that men are constantly looking for their partner in life. Sometimes, men get married because they have found the one for them. That is what Richard Castle did at one point in his life. The result was a an intelligent daughter named Alexis who was left in his custody after he divorced his first wife. His relationship with Alexis is the kind that I would want to have with any son or daughter of mine should I ever get married and find myself divorced, or even if I dont end up divorced. As for his loyalty to women, I

Gerontology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Gerontology - Essay Example The authors include, Dan Buettner, Sally Beare and Howard S. Friedman. They have applied both different and similar ideologies in their work. Based on health, the authors have different views on the fitness of the individuals in the blue zones. However, they have a common understanding where they believe that health depends on individual body fitness and genetic structures. Sally has done her research on the in habitats on the island by the name Okinawa, located in Eastern China (Beare 2006). She compares and contrasts the health her research samples with those from the Western countries. The island holds a record of the longest living persons in earth. She starts by comparing their physical attributes with those of the Western in habitats. Her results show that signs of healthy lifestyles before she gets into deeper research about the diseases found in the island (Beare 2006). Unlike the West where stroke, heart attacks and cancer related deaths are common, her area of study has less than 20% cases. Most diseases are so rare among the populations raising questions on the causes of the increased health cases. Scientists involved in the research have come up with results that show the strong immune systems found in the old generations. Sally related their strength to those of the young generations where that are able to fight most deadly diseases. Dan, on the other hand, has carried out most of his researches in Central and South America in some of the indigenous communities. However, his focus is on other attributes that contribute to long living other than health (Buettner 2007). For example, his study on Costa Rica reveals the physical lifestyles where his focal point is social ways of life such as how they cook their food and diet compositions (Buettner 2007). With his knowledge from other blue zones, she has come up with different myths that are common in people from other countries such as the U.S. The cultures use

Case Study Career Aspirations Analysis Education Essay

Case Study Career Aspirations Analysis Education Essay A career is a job market as well as of the individual career seekers interest and skill. By examining the job market, those interested in careers can learn what jobs are available and in demand now and what jobs will be available and in demand in the future. Career in essence is a series of related jobs towards the fulfillment of a set of individual goals that provide a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment. My career aspiration is be to be a General Manager. To fulfill my needs, I have to do a lot of thing to get it. There are four general individual characteristics affect how people make career choices, which is Interest where they believe match their interest, Self-image where an extension of a persons self image as well as molder of it, Personality which is personal orientation and personal needs and lastly Social backgrounds which is social economic status, educational and occupation level of a persons parents. Yes I choose my career from this characteristic. I believe in myself that one day Ill be general manager. This is because my believed is really matched what I want to be in future. The type of company that I would like to work is in a international company. It because by working there I can challenge myself to achieved my goals. This has been a aspiration for me since Im small to be general manager. This is because most of my family members are working in high post in a big c ompany. So I said to myself that one day I also want to be like them. I knew something about this high post general manager from my family members, they told me and teach me some important. I have choose this because I want my personal looks to be formal, in a very standard way. By working in this area I can gain more knowledge  because of the rapid change and growth in the business where most business is going global now days. In that, I also can gain more profit faster if the business that Im doing is successful. According to John Hollands theories, the personality types and working environment has been divided into six types which is realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising and Conventional. Investigative gives more interest in intellectual activities where it must be a idea and theories for someone who does a work. Enterprising is a type concerned with action and with achieving result through other people, enjoy leading and persuading for an entrepreneur and representative. This both theories really suits me because I have the criteria in it. Besides that, Career Anchors by Edger Schein function also had suits me. This career wants a person perception about his or her own talents, motive and values tended to evolve into a relatively stable pattern. Identifying ones area of contribution in the long run, this has inspire my career in working in a managerial role. I also like to learn more than one thing after fully understanding the first thing. I like to move forward every ti me and gain extra knowledge in new field. I strongly decided that this field that Im choosing for my career is well suits with my personality test. In that test my result is ENFJ. I really concern about myself when Im out with people because Im harmonious. Im very respect person, harmony, and loyal to thing that I do. I will take a risk to do job, because I want to achieve my goal and I know I have to take a risk. If I really cannot take it something that has fail my success I will regret it and will ignore it. I know by doing that I can try for second time. But it will be a bit had for the first time to hear the truth. I will be happy if I get to create something new where it can give me a lot of profit in my life. Im also ready to hear about others problem because I have the ability to solve problem. Sometimes I will confused whether which decision shall I take, but after reading all the thing carefully I will take my decision, and I wont follows others in that. 1.2 Skill Required When choosing an occupation it is very important to be skillful. Skill can be divided into basic skills and related skills. When talking about related skills we can discuss on the skills that are related to the specific job. Basic skills that are needed to be in a job can be similar to one another but will different when it comes to carrying out a specific task. The basic skills that have in myself is athletics. I can do coaching, team sport and individual sport. I have a football skill. I start coaching long time ago by helping my school teacher to train his team. Other than that, my communication skill is very good. My grammar, speaking style, listening and writing is also good. I practice my listening from other people talk and talking on phone and also talk good English to all my friends. This is how I practice my communication skills. A outdoors activities skills like farming and animal care is my aspiration skill. I learn farming from my dad, in he will always do farming and I will help him and from here I got the skill. The related skill that I have choose to be General Manager is organizing, making decision, managing time, solving problem, leading and owing or operating a business. I used to make own decision at times at college. Its like a group of my friends planning something and I will make a decision and they will listen to me. I will be on time if I go out. I want to be a good time making if I go out. This will practice me when I start my work in future. Solving a problem is my main concern, because I used to solve many of mime and my friend problem very well. I dont this to be happened very often in life. Sometimes I will lead my brothers business, he will tell me what to do and not. Im creative in making idea and very imaginative. A skill of a General Manager can be more diverse and be more general in nature to classify in any area of management or administration. The other skill that may see of a General Manager is personnel, purchasing, or administrative services. In some organizations, the duties of general and operations managers may overlap the duties of chief executive officers. By looking at these related skills of being General Manager it is seen that I have to improve and develop myself so I could achieve my career development goal and aims in future. When being a General manger it is very important for an individual to be knowledgeable and wide thinking so in any consequence the companys growth will not decline. 1.3(a) Strength Looking at my strong educational background, I have completed my Foundation Studies in Business 1 year ago and now Im doing my degree in International Business. From here I have the knowledge of the theories which I have studied for foundation. I can contribute my knowledge to others because I have the strength to do so. Below is my strength: Very punctual Creative Able to do something without anyone help Understanding in everything Friendly to everyone Very hardworking Good listener Good in creating Ideas Brave in doing anything Good in resolving problem Good in handling problem Good in giving Counseling Maintain thing well Managing time Tolerant Being a good group leader Looking at all my Strength, I have done everything at above and I know that I can do that. this is because being a good group leader can bring me to the top of leader board for a management. I can handle and solve complains, diversify works to my members, being patience and also calm down any serious situation. This is the most important characteristics needed by a good group leader. I know from here becoming a group leader will bring me to success when I become General Manager. A General Manager also will have all kind of this job working together and gain more things from it. In college, a task I given to us by our lecture and we need to choose 1 group leader. They had selected me as group leader because I have the ability to work hard, to things together, and also can solve problem if my members dont know. Other than that, I can be a good listener, member will talk and I will listen to them. Punctual is the key word, I used to be very early and will push my friends to reach at col lege early to start our work, and they listen to me. This is because Im the group leader so I feel proud and this will happen when I become a General Manager. 1.3(b) My Weakness Like to do things very fast without knowing it Language Problem Do work at last minute Take things easily My main weakness is my language problem. At college when I talk to Chinese student from China, they wont really understand English. They can only speak in Chinese language. This is what my main problem, because it might give an effect to me in future when Im dealing with customer. To solve this problem, I have to start learn English. In order for me to communicate with them, I must take sometimes to get to know them well. Section 2 Experience 1: Working After finish my SPM (secondary educational level), I worked at my uncle office as admin officer. I worked there for almost 4months before joining Stamford College. My work at first is to check all the old report and then have to clean it up. It was fun working at that way. After that I has given a task to work out with 1 employee regarding about his work. From here I really gain a lot of profit knowledge. Although I dont have knowledge about the work Im doing, but I had been guided by my uncle. Microsoft word and excel is the main subject for my working period. I have to list down the company rough account with guides from my uncle. I learn how to improve language while working, my computer skill been improve and also has solve a problem without telling to my uncle. It really gave me the exposure of office life where it increases more interest to remain in this particular field where I can actually prosper. During my working period I learn a lot of thing and it has gave me a working life style. Dress code everyday must be formal and its like a practice for me in future. When we study we dont exactly get the picture of working life. I learn to be more responsible where it really help me to organize myself. By learning all this skills I can always improve my skills because it is very important at least to have this basic requirement. For my working experience, this has gave me roughly idea how to manage myself and this can help me to my future career aspiration as a General Manager. Experience 2: Student As a student I have learn how to do my assignment without others help, exam, presentation and group project. Every subject at college has a task of assignment to do. This is given to student is because, they want student to learn doing things together and in group. For assignment, I will do research in web and find details about the task. Exam is where we will train our self to see how far we have learnt something during a certain period. From here will really push our self to achieve a good goals of mark. Presentation will be done in a group in my college. We will communicate between friends to do a work. Group project is where all members will sit together and complete a task together. This work as student is testing how far we can do something with individual and with friends. Exam we get to learnt how to write, think, how to organize something and how to manage our time management by reaching before the exam start. For assignment I learnt how to do research on net, analysis and do work in computer. Presentation I learnt oral studies with my group members about how to do, complete and research for the work. Group project is to see our team work. I was the group leader and I see that team work in my group is very well going. Experience 3: Society/Activity Final experience that I want to share is when I became a captain for my futsal team in college. From here I learnt a lot of thing about how to manage things carefully. Im a vice president of badminton club in my college. Being a team captain for my futsal team is very hard task. I learnt how to make strategies and manage my team while playing on field. Vice president works is enjoyable because I been very friendly to everyone who just join the club, get to give my experience to the junior who dont really know how to play and manage my work with arranging all the student info in details. Section 3: Objective 1 The first objective that I want to set is to find part time job on my semester break. To gain more knowledge of working style is my main target and how to solve things easily. The action that I have to take is to search job in internet and newspaper. I will do this in this 2years time because I have 2 more years to go to complete my degree. Objective 2 My second objective is I would like to set to learn Mandarin. This is because I want to improve my listening and speaking skills in this language. The actions I have taken to improve in this language is by attending for the language classes. Other than that, even to improve faster, I will start to mix around with those who have knowledge about this language. I will attend for this class during my semester break. The class will be on every weekend only for 2hours. I want to do in weekend because I will be busy on weekdays because I have classes to attend. Objective 3 My final objectives is to learn about computer programming which is basically gives more importance to internet usage. I want to learn this because computer programming is very important in today s world. To do so, I have to attend for classes in order to get the specific knowledge about using the internet. I will ask any of my friends to recommend for me a better centre that offer this program or else I will ask my brother to teach me because he is good and have experience in computer programming. I will tell my brother to give me a class for this computer programming every day for 1hour because Im staying with him. Curriculum Vitae Ravinder Singh Toor Current Address: Main Address: 88, Jalan 14/15, Section 14 958, Lorong Anggerik Kanan 3,58000 Petaling Jaya, Bandar Sunggala, 71050PD,Selangor Darul Ehsan. Negeri Sembilan. Tel: 016-6560217 DOB: 4 APRIL 1989 E-Mail: [emailprotected] To fulfill all the needs that a company want and will come up with great ideas to bring the company into a upper level of successfulness. Education 2008-2011 Currently doing my Degree in BA(Hons)International Business Average point for Year1: 66% Module: Introduction to Economics, Governing Business Activities, Accounting and Its Regulatory Framework, People Organizations Management, Marketing Principle and Practice, International Entrepreneurship. 2006-2008 Foundation Studies in Business(FSB) at Stamford College. 2002-2006 Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia(SPM) at Sekolah Tinggi Port Dickson. Experience 2005 Work part time as Waiter. 2006 Work at Damai Jaya Shipping Trading as admin. Academy/Society Sport- Football captain (2008-2009) Badminton- Vice President (2009) Toast Masters member Interest Like working in a area where I can develop my experience and learn new thing. Skills Good in Microsoft Office, Excel and Power Point. Good in handling and solving problem. Language- Excellent English and Bahasa Malaysia.

Violence in the School Systems Essay -- Violence Education Crime Essay

Violence within this country has been an ongoing problem throughout history. Due to all the media coverage of more recent violent events in school history, such as Columbine, it is of popular belief that violence in school systems is the worst it has ever been. There are many questions about what type of violence occurs most often, what gender and what ethnicity violence is most affecting in schools. Violence can be defined by any deliberate act, serving no legitimate purpose, which causes injury or which could reasonably be expected to cause injury to another person. To be considered reportable, the conduct should be either intentional or reckless in nature. (Basic Education Circular on Safe Schools, 1996) School violence can also be defined as any school related activity that produces a victim. The first table was a chart that was drawn up in conclusion to a survey that was conducted in 1999. It was asking children in grades 9-12 different question about feeling threatened and carrying or seeing weapons in school. The chart was broken down into different grades, along with various ethnicities, and gender. (www.nces.ed.gov/crime2001/tables) Out of all the questions asked in the survey, the highest positive response to a question of illegal drugs on school property. An average of 30.2% of the children responded that they had been offered, sold or given illegal drugs at school. Leading the category was Hispanic males with 36.9% of them having engaged in some form of drug distribution or some one offering them drugs. The next question with a high response was if these children have ever engaged in a physical fight on school property. A total of 14.2% answered yes to the question. In the same category Hispanic ... ... help the students set goals and come to appreciate the relationship between responsible good behavior and achieving goals. In this program they will earn privileges for good attendance, work accomplishments and goal achievements. This program will be evaluated to determine if similar programs are to be set up in the future throughout the state. (www.msde.state.md.us/juvenilejustice alt.html) Although violence in the United States is a problem that needs a lot of attention, the amount of episodes is and hopefully will remain declining over the years. Teachers, parents and peers all have an impact on each and every child that goes through school systems. As long as they keep teaching violence prevention programs, the numbers will keep dropping. Although this problem will never fully go away, the percentage of violence in schools will be constantly dropping.

Fast food persuasive essay Essay

Imagine a world full of fast food restaurants. No more needs for salad, just hamburgers and fries. We aren’t at this point but we are going there with the fact that the amount of fast food restaurants went up with 300% the past few years. The amount of obese children has gone up, unlike their life span which is going down with every visit to the McDonald’s or the Burger King. Kids aren’t realizing what they are eating, and what they should be eating. I don’t blame them, with the amount of advertisements and restaurants, it’s hard to resist. One of the main reasons this is happening is because kids & teens don’t know what they are eating. As they put that burger to there mouth they tell themselves;† There’s tomato and lettuce in here, it’s not that bad†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . They are missing the trans fat filled sauces and the oil fried hamburger. These kinds of foods have no vitamins and lack of nutrition. We don’t know the science behind these foods, what they put in them or how they make them. There’s been a tremendous amount of controversy over McDonald’s burgers since celebrity chef Jamie Oliver demonstrated how meat scraps and sinew are spun in a centrifuge and â€Å"washed† with ammonium hydroxide, which has also become known as † HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.care2.com/greenliving/pink-slime-now-just-an-option-for-schools.html† â€Å"_blank† Pink Slime.â€Å" This chemical is used in fertilizers and cleaning products. According to Oliver it is used in 70 percentages of ground beef in the United States but does not require inclusion on ingredient lists because the US Department of Agriculture classifies it as a â€Å"process† not an â€Å"ingredient† even though residues of this process are left behind in the meat consumed. He says, †Basically, we‘re taking a product that would be sold in the cheapest way for dogs, and after this process, is being given to human beings.† Thanks to the amount of fa st food restaurants there has bin a growth of fast food consumers has gone up with larger numbers than ever before. More restaurants are selling and more people are buying. This year, there were 160,0000 fast food restaurants counted in America. This is 10,0000 more than last year.

Benefits of Nuclear Power Essay Example

Benefits of Nuclear Power Essay Example Benefits of Nuclear Power Essay Benefits of Nuclear Power Essay Only 30 years ago, nuclear energy was an exotic, futuristic technology, and the subject of experimentation. Today, nuclear energy is Americas second largest source of electric power after coal; more than 110 nuclear energy plants supply more electricity than oil, natural gas or hydropower taken together. Nuclear energy is a clean, safe, reliable and competitive energy source. It is the only source of energy that can replace a significant part of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), which massively pollute the atmosphere and contribute to the greenhouse effect. In view of the adverse effects of climate change and dwindling oil reserves, it is imperative to promote more efficient use of energy. There is need to employ renewable energies wind and solar – wherever possible, and adopt a more sustainable life style. But this will not be adequate to reduce the accumulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and satisfy the needs of industrialization and the aspirations of the developing nations. Presently, the national power generating capacity is about 3,000MWe. At current level, the per capita electricity generation in Nigeria is just about 30 We, some 30 times less than the 1kWe in South Africa. Conventional energy sources in the form of natural gas and fuel oil generate some 69% of the national capacity. The large hydropower stations at Kainji, Jebba and Shiroro have a combined installed capacity of 1830MWe, while the six other small hydropower stations located in various parts of the country have an installed capacity of 37 MWe. The National energy requirement is estimated at over 30,000 MWe. It is not likely that this will be met by the conventional sources presently available in the country. Nuclear power thus offers one of the most viable options that could make up for the shortfall. The Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission is effectively implementing a dedicated strategic plan to introduce 1,000 MWe into the national grid by 2020, and a gradual injection of another 3,000MWe within another 10 years. Probably, the most important cause of worry, all over the world, regarding the implementation of nuclear projects is that the public does not trust the safety of nuclear power plants. As a matter of course, all known power technologies have certain potentially negative aspects. Since it takes time and continuous dialogue to build and maintain trust, the general public must be systematically informed and educated on the issues entailed in our national nuclear power programme. An effective constructive engagement would therefore create better public understanding of the issues: the necessity, benefits and the safety of present day nuclear power project. It is worthy to emphasize that the implementation of a nuclear power project has both local and global impact. In this regard, the concerns of the population of the local environment as well as those of the neighbouring countries must be satisfactorily addressed to earn their confidence and consent. In this connection, the experiences of other countries would be invaluable, in addition to the three cardinal requirements of International Atomic Energy Agency. 2. THE BENEFITS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY Nuclear power is clean, safe, reliable, compact, competitive and practically inexhaustible. Today over 400 nuclear reactors provide base-load electric power in 30 countries. Fifty years old, it is a relatively mature technology with the assurance of even greater improvement in the next generation. 2. 1 CLEAN POWER GENERATION Nuclear energy is environmentally clean – it produces almost no carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides whatsoever. These gases are produced in vast quantities when fossil fuels are burned. Carbon dioxide is produced when fossil fuels are burned; it is one of the main gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect, leading to atmospheric warming. Coal and oil contain sulphur impurities and when they are burned, sulfur dioxide goes up the stack, leading to acid rain. When any fossil fuel (coal, oil or natural gas) is burned, nitrogen oxides are also produced. These gases cause smog and atmospheric pollution. Nuclear fuel is pure (contains no sulfur), it is not in contact with the air (no nitrogen), and it produces no smoke or exhaust; the entire process is confined in the fuel element. 2. 2 NUCLEAR ENERGY PRICES ARE STABLE A country (or an electric company) can buy years of supply of uranium when the price is low; it doesnt take up much space and can be easily stored until needed. Most countries (or utilities) dont have space to store more han 3 or 6 months supply of fossil fuels. 2. 3 FUEL CYCLE AND SPENT WASTE MANAGEMENT One gram of uranium yields about as much energy as a ton of coal or oil the famous â€Å"factor of a million. † Nuclear waste is correspondingly about a million times smaller than fossil fuel waste, and it is totally confined. In the USA and Sweden, spent fuel is simply stored away. Elsewhere, spent fuel is reprocessed to separate out the 3% of radioactive fission products and heavy elements to be vitrified (cast in glass) for safe and permanent storage. The remaining 97% – plutonium and uranium – is recovered and recycled into new fuel elements to produce more energy. The volume of nuclear waste produced is very small. A typical French family’s use of nuclear energy over a whole lifetime produces vitrified waste the size of a golf ball. Nuclear waste is deposited in deep geological storage sites; it does not enter the biosphere. Its impact on the ecosystems is minimal. Nuclear waste spontaneously decays over time while stable chemical waste, such as arsenic or mercury, lasts forever. Most fossil fuel waste is in the form of gas that goes up the smokestack. Plans are afoot to establish a management facility for the conditioning, storage and disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes in the country. Further, Nigeria intends to enter into appropriate bilateral agreements for her nuclear fuel cycle, and hopefully sign on to the multilateral nuclear fuel supply assurance networks that are being developed in partnership with IAEA. 2. 4 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS ARE COMPARATIVELY SAFE Nuclear power plants are comparatively safe, as proven by the record of half a century of commercial operation, and with the accumulated experience of more than 12,000 reactor-years. There have been only two serious accidents in the commercial exploitation of nuclear power: The Three Mile Island (TMI) in 1979 (in Pennsylvania, USA) and Chernobyl in 1986 (in the Soviet Union, now in Ukraine). The TMI was the worst accident one can imagine in a western power reactor. The core of the reactor melted down and much of it fell to the bottom of the reactor vessel. The radioactivity released was almost entirely confined within the reinforced concrete containment structure, the air-tight silo-like building which housed the reactor and was designed for that purpose. The small amount of radioactivity which escaped was quite innocuous. As a result, no one at TMI was seriously irradiated nor did anyone die. In fact, Three Mile Island was a real success story for nuclear safety. The worst possible accident thus occurred, a core meltdown, and yet no one died or was even injured. Chernobyl was different. The reactors at Chernobyl had no containment structure. The reactor’s faulty design made it unstable and Chernobyl was operated that moment in a way known to be dangerous. In the execution of a test, all the security systems were deliberately bypassed. An uncontrollable surge in power occurred leading to a steam explosion. The 600-ton graphite moderator then caught fire and burned for several weeks. The smoke carried more than half the radioactive fission products directly into the atmosphere where they were swept far and wide by the winds. Fewer than 32 persons died within a few months, and about 200 more were severely irradiated but survived. The inhabitants of the exclusion zone were also victims as they were hurriedly uprooted, evacuated and resettled elsewhere. On the contrary, coal mine accidents are common occurrences and often cause tens or hundreds of fatalities, reported in a day and forgotten the next, adding up to about 15,000 per year worldwide. The same may be said for oil field accidents. Oil tankers go aground or break-up; accidents occur in refineries, oil and gas platforms have been lost with all hands. Accidents in high pressure gas pipelines are not infrequent. Just one example among many others is the gas pipeline accident at Ghislenghien, Belgium on July 30, 2004, in which 21 persons died and 120 were injured. 2. 5 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS ARE COMPARATIVELY RELIABLE Nuclear reactors provide base-load power and are available over 90% of the time. Intervals between refueling have been extended while down time for refueling has been reduced. In the USA, these improvements over the years have been the equivalent of adding one reactor a year to the existing fleet. Most reactors are designed for a life of 40 years; many are reaching that age in good condition and extensions of 20 years have usually been granted. 2. 6 NUCLEAR RENERGY IS COMPETITIVE The cost of nuclear power is competitive and stable. The cost of nuclear fuel is a small part of the price of a nuclear kiloWatt-hour, whereas fossil fueled power, especially oil and gas, is at the mercy of the market. 2. 7 NUCLEAR ENERGY FUEL IS INEXHAUSTIBLE Uranium is found everywhere in the crust of the Earth – it is more abundant than tin, for example. Major deposits are found in Canada and Australia. It is estimated that increasing the market price by a factor ten would result in 100 times more uranium coming to market. Eventually we will be able to recover uranium from sea water where 4 billion tons are dissolved. 2. 8 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS ARE RELATIVELY COMPACT A nuclear power station is very compact, occupying typically the area of a football stadium and its surrounding parking lots. Solar cells, wind turbine farms and growing biomass, all require comparatively much large areas of land. . 9 PROMISING GLOBAL SCENARIO More than 400 nuclear power plants are operating in 25 countries around the world today, supplying almost 17 percent of the worlds electricity. In most countries, nuclear energy plays an even larger role as a source of electricity than in the United States. Many of these nations are building new nuclear energy plants to meet the needs of their growing populations and expanding economies. About 100 new nuclear energy plants are currently being built around the world. 3. 0 CONCLUSION The strengths of the national nuclear power programme are manifold: long term energy security, ready availability of nuclear fuels, capacity to mitigate the consequences of global warming, sustainable socio-economic development accruable from diversification of national energy energy mix, significant spin-off effect accruable from the application of nuclear technology in a wide variety of other sectors, nuclear energy is clean, inexhaustible, compact and has a broader life span, large water and land resources available for nuclear energy production, and enhanced safety, security and safeguards. The opportunities that would accrue to the nation from the deployment of nuclear power plants include: sustainability of power for national development, generation of requisite manpower to man nuclear power plants and the proliferation of other peaceful uses of nuclear energy, spin-off industries inherent in nuclear power programme, employment generation and poverty reduction, research, development and human capacity development, as well as mutually rewarding bilateral, regional and international cooperation agreements. All in all, nuclear energy has proven to be most beneficial to developed and emerging economies. If optimally designed, constructed, operated and maintained, nuclear energy is not only clean, but safe, reliable, durable and competitive.

buy custom Alzheimers Breakthrough Act 0f 2009 essay

buy custom Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act 0f 2009 essay Introduction Alzheimers disease is a neurological brain disorder. It is named after a German physician known as Alois Alzheimer, who first noted it in 1906 from his patient Auguste Deter. It is the most common form of dementia. Dementia literally means loss of thinking. This disease is characterized with progressive memory loss, impairment of judgment, and decline in the ability to perform routine tasks, difficulty in learning, disorientation, loss of language skills, and personality changes. The loss of brain cells ultimately leads to the failure of other systems in the body (OTA report, 1987). The Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act was enacted in 2009. The aim this act was to fund breakthroughs in Alzheimer's disease research while providing more help to caregivers and increasing public education about prevention. Policy Analysis The goals of the Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act of 2009 are captured in three titles which are clearly outlined in the policy. The first goal was to increase federal government commitment to Alzheimers research. The federal government intended to achieve this through: doubling its funding on research related to the disease; prioritizing research on the disease; having prevention initiatives; launching a national summit on Alzheimers disease and finally initiating research on Alzheimers disease care giving. The second goal was the prevention of Alzheimers disease and thus promotingpublic health. The federal government intended to achieve this through: enhanced public health activities related to cognitive health; launching Alzheimers disease public education campaign. The third major aim of this policy was to offer assistance for caregivers. These goals do not contravene any policies on public health and thus would be rendered legal (OTA report, 1987). A glance at the statistics stated in the policy at the time of its reading, show that the mechanisms that the federal government intended to adopt were the most satisfying. They were well capable even to meet the social problems that ensued in the county as a result of the Alzheimer disease. For example, the reason why there was then need to increase commitment in research and also find scientific ways to prevent or cure the disease was because a projection showed that by 2050, the number of individuals with the disease could reach 16,000,000. The mechanisms outlined at the time of the policy reading were adequate to combat the social problems that came as a result of the disease (World Health Organization, 2010). This policy cuts across all the ages affected by the Alzheimer. It considers the young who are least likely to be affected by the disease, those above 65 years and those above 85 years. It leaves no one out. It does not segregate against the rich or poor. In fact, the federal government has adopted the most socialist way of dealing with the problem. This policy promotes the general good of the society. This is because it offers a chance for all to be supported if not be treated as we all know this disease has no cure. It has no prejudice against the social or financial status of any individual. However, such a welfare policy does frequently crumble due to lack of necessary funding. This can be sidestepped by outlining and following a good financial support plan that engages the public (IOM, 2009). A look at how the policy was to be and is administered, there an obvious sense of adequacy and equity. However, this does not necessarily reflect today as score of patients have their bills not settled. Thus, though the federal government has documented intentions to take care of its entire affected population, it is not in a capacity to do so. The problem is obviously finances. From the data collected, if there is no increased funding then the policy might just crumble in the next few years. To achieve an improved quality of life among its targeted population, the federal government may want to seek more funding through other channels. One of the underlying values captured in this document is commitment. We see a nation committed to give life to it its citizens. There are careful, well laid out implementation strategies mentioned which if well exploited would be very beneficial. The target population though large and increasing by the day, the federal government has tried to met it with a higher number of staff. This value is well in line with the very essence of social justice. There is also an aspect of socialism, a political ideology, adopted in this policy. And thus far the government has put in place an estimated funding of up to the tne of $2 billion to meet it. The greatest befit from this policy is to them that are affected. It is not to the wealthy class alone but also to the poor. These results are part of that which this research sought to achieve. There is no result whatsoever unintended. Political feasibility Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act 0f 2009 has had a wide range of support in the American community .The support has come from the government officials, the public especially relatives and care takers of the patients of Alzheimers disease, nongovernmental organizations and the international community. The support for the Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act of 2009 mainly came from the citizens who viewed the act as a breakthrough towards government involvement in finding the cure and apportioning part of the budget towards research for the cure to the disease and welfare support to those affected. The American citizens had a large power base since they had to elect members of congress in future elections .This held the politicians in affix since failure to support the act the politician would be viewed as an ant- reformist legislator to the medical sector which is a crucial sector of the country since it touches on the life of every citizen of the United states (Gingrich Egge, 2007). In the United States the passing of the Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act 0f 2009 received a mixture of reactions from the citizens. For families with people affected and the medical staff involved in the treatment and care of the affected the act was a blessing since the recognition of the Alzheimer's disease as a major problem in the united states .This act had come to assist the researchers with the required monies towards cure which would bring to an end any further suffering to those affected by the Alzheimer's disease in the United states as well as the in other nations which share research information with the United states. In the passing of this act the American law makers put into consideration the less privileged, in terms of health in the American society. This furthered the agenda of equity in the American society through creating a rule that caters for the plight of the patients their caretakers and caters for the research towards the disease. The passing of the Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act 0f 2009 also faced some criticism from the American society concerning the resulting impacts of the research findings once administered on the patients. Some parties viewed the search for the cure of a widely spreading disease in the United States could result to the mutation of the disease causing microorganisms resulting to more resistant strains. There was also some critics who viewed the amount of cash spent on the research of the Alzheimer's disease would strain other sectors of the American society causing undesirable effects to the rest of the population. According to ethical universalism the act is unethical (World Health Organization, 2010). In the American states the policy supports the prevailing norms by encouraging the care of less privileged and the sick in society. This pushes forward the United States agenda of providing equal opportunity to all citizens. This also helps to test the welfare awareness of the government and the level of commitment towards the implementation of policies improving peoples welfare. Alzheimer's breakthrough Act 0f 2009 merges with the current government systems, social and political climate which is mainly aimed at solving the internal problems in the United States as well as solving foreign problems. This has ensured the American legislators have unwavering support from their electorate (Gingrich and Kerrey, 2009). Economic Feasibility Apart from Alzheimers disease being a social burden to the US, it is also an economic one as well. The cost of taking care of an individual suffering from this disease is becoming overwhelming. The minimum level of funding needed to implement this policy is also far over stretching. For the fiscal year 2010, the federal government needed $2, billion, and such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2014. These would be for the purpose of conducting and supporting the research on Alzheimers disease and other related activities as envisaged in under subpart 5 of part C of title IV of the Public Health Service Act (World Health Organization, 2010). The figure stated above is just but the minimum. An estimate as at 2010 showed that it would cost the nation more than $172 billion in health care, long-term care, and hospice services. This funding does not exist in the first place. The number of people providing unpaid care for their loved ones with AAlzheimers is more than 10.9 million. Including g the indirect cost skyrockets the annual cost high enough to potentially bankrupt the nation's entire health care system. In future there would be need to raise more funds from the public to offer support to the failing budget. There is also need to recruit more caregivers as their ratio to that of the patients is disturbing. There would also be need for support from the public in the subsequent years to persuade Congress for additional Alzheimer funding. Administrative Feasibility Part of the plan in the policy was to establish Alzheimers call center. This was meant to provide assistance to the caregivers. The CommentsClose CommentsPermalinkthe call ThhhhthetrjkgkvkeCall Centers are accessible 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, at the national and local levels. Their role is to provide information, care consultation, expert advice and referrals regarding Alzheimers disease. The staffs are professionally trained and this alludes to the overwhelming success thus far. They possess the necessary skills, expertise and the resources as the federal government was to appropriated $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2010, and such sums as may subsequent years through to 2014.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink The staffs are very supportive and passionate towards the delivery of this policy. The challenge is that they are few in number compared to the number of individuals suffering from Alzheimers disease. They are out rightly the best suited for the delivery of the policy since they give individualized attention to each patient. This is evident as there are medical facilities from the national to community level. The caregivers have performed an important role in supporting the patients and with the necessary and sufficient leadership much could be obtained from them. Recommendations The Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act 0f 2009 provided an opportunity for the United States to overcome some of the problems facing the citizens. This act however was not conclusive since the Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act 0f 2009 required re-evaluation to adequately meet the needs of the involved parties in the United States .The recommendations to this policy include; The Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act 0f 2009 requires to re-evaluate the level of funding the government is to provide. This will help find a conclusive solution to the problem hence reduce the economic strain on the United States economy since the cost of Medicare for a patient over the age 65 with the Alzheimer's disease is virtually three times that of a beneficiary devoid of the disease. The increased funds to the Alzheimers disease research might be expensive in the short-run but in the long-run the united states economy will see less of the funds go to Alzheimers Medicare (OTA report, 1987). The United States government should strictly analyze the production of any drug produced from the research findings .This is to ensure the drugs created do not undermine human rights and human dignity. The United States government should ensure all tests carried out do not result to complications in the human mind. The research should also include effects to third parties such as new born babies to parents treated of the drugs developed. This will ensure the new generation of people does not suffer the accumulated effects of the drugs causing more harm than good in the future. Politically such critical analysis of the problem will help create political mileage for the electorate since the legislators will have portrayed responsibility to the American society(World Health Organization, 2010) The United States government organizations should educate the citizens on the findings from the research initiated by the Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act 0f 2009.This will help boost the confidence of the American society. This will happen since the American society will have knowledge on how the funds resulting from the policy directives are being utilized (OTA report, 1987). The Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act 0f 2009 should also include provisions for the creation of specialized institutions to provide specialized care to the Alzheimers patients. This will help improve the quality of services provided towards countering the disease in the United States. The Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act 0f 2009 should also provide for public scrutiny of the effects of the resulting drugs for the disease as well as the components of the curative drugs. This will promote high levels of accountability by the government and drug producer companies. This will translate to improved welfare of the American population. Buy custom Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act 0f 2009 essay

Skills Required to Work as a Deputy Events Manager Essay

Skills Required to Work as a Deputy Events Manager - Essay Example Thus, while the academic qualifications serves to indicate that the individual has sufficient knowledge on the field they are to work, the industrial perspective seeks the expertise that the individual has gained while working in that industry. Thus, to work as a Deputy Events Manager, there are some qualifications and skills deemed necessary. These skills include: The possession of excellent communication skills is one of the relevant qualifications for this post. Without communication, nothing can progress, since it is out of communication that the customer, organization and employee needs can be identified and effectively addressed (Armstrong, 1989 p188). A well developed and all round individual is desired for this position, where writing as well as verbal communication is useful. Verbal communication is more of how you pass the relevant information to others, than it is what you say. Considering that one of the roles that the individual has to play after being hired is to develo p audience growth through marketing and promotional activities, then, excellent communication becomes inevitable. ... This will enhance the ability of the manager to oversee the writing and design of the promotional materials (Hall, 2003 p167). The inability of such a potential employee to connect well with the organization members or his inability to coordinate the development of relevant promotional material due to lack of relevant communication skills would mean the downfall of the organization. Even though technology has played a greater role in assisting individuals to communicate through the provisions of various communication platforms, it does not erode the fact that an individual’s communication skills is a key to enhancing teamwork and cooperation within an organization (Bill, 2011 p28). Lack of such skills is detrimental to the organization in that, the manager may fail to offer suitable leadership to his subordinates, by failing to communicate effectively, on the roles they are supposed to undertake. This further undermines the execution of duties by the subordinate employees, res ulting to chaos and underperformances. Without sufficient communication skills, the individual may not be able to resolve conflicts, both between the subordinates or the organization members, which is a very vital aspect of leadership (Jonathan, 2010 p13). Thus, the possession of these skills is not an option for the prospective event manager. Employee focus and customer service skills are relevant for the prospective occupier of this office. The ability of the individual to connect and entertain the customers of this organization is a skill that the individual suitable for this position cannot do without, anyway. Customers are the most important focus for any business or organization, in that, without customers, then, an organization has no business being in existence (Budd, 2004 p33). The

Bacteriophage therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bacteriophage therapy - Essay Example Presently, people are in danger from exposure to chemicals that are hazardous risks to infectious burns. Acquisition of the pathogens thus serves as a triumph for medicine. Options available for treating burn patients are often few and only very toxic antibiotics the likes of colistin can effectively work due to their high levels of toxin. It is thus evident that there underlies impending danger in medicine if better solutions for treating patients with severe burns are not sought. It is a result of this observation therefore that this research study aims at carrying out a survey of the use of bacteriophage to treat patients suffering from severe burns. Bacteriophage viruses use bacteria as their host, and, therefore, the human body cells are at no risk at all. With the help of this thesis therein, not only will an analysis of the use of bacteriophage in the infections be sought but also possible threats to the human immune system. Based on a number of lab tests performed by a couple of collected samples, there has been no scientific evidence on the probable toxic potentiality making the widespread use of the bacteriophage over the years. However with intent of adopting them as sole treatment method of dealing with harmful bacteria infections among countries of the west, there is the quest to carry out more scientific research and testing as well as adopt more stringent measures to effectively authenticate on harmless state of the bacteriophage (Fillipis & Mckee 39). Upon some samples being separated from human biopsies, identification for toxic traces, as well as possibilities of the proliferation of cells, was carried out, and the phage passed the test as no traces were evident. On the contrary, researchers posed possible importance of the phage on the survival of cells. Based on this research evidence, therefore, since the bacteriophage showed no traces of toxins in the human